
Chinese companies own or otherwise have significantly invested in six of 16 active lithium mining projects in Argentina, including four of the six most developed projects. Investment in these mines helps to further cement the People's Republic of China's dominance and control over the lithium industry, a mineral critical for the green-energy transition, particularly in the construction of lithium-ion batteries.

Based on the analysis of commercial imagery, ground photography, and open reporting, we assess that gold mining and the associated usage and transportation of mercury have increased in riverine sections of Western Venezuela and Eastern Guyana.