
Chinese development in Namibia will likely continue to grow under the projected Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah administration.

Though Chinese "Belt-and-Road Initiative" (BRI) investments and related economic activities abroad have been a touchpoint for international studies, this report poses a hypothetical "what if" scenario and seeks to address one facet of the potential implications if Chinese facilities abroad are used for dual-use military/civilian purposes.

China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is not a monolithic enterprise. Across seven BRI port projects in Central America and the Caribbean, we find evidence that the project partnerships between China and recipient countries vary significantly regarding construction processes and end results.

A new rail extension to Apapa port aims to connect Nigeria's hinterland to global markets to diversify its economy. However, the rail extension may fail to address severe congestion in Lagos' port areas and high shipping costs will remain.

Despite anticipated positive impacts to the Nigerian economy, the Lagos-Ibadan railway has failed to generate positive economic spillover. Nigeria will need additional infrastructure investment to meet the promise of positive economic development.