
We develop and apply a process for identifying the deliberate targeting of building types during ongoing armed conflict by conflict actors. Results indicate that cultural, and secondarily medical, buildings are likely to have been deliberately targeted by combatants. Targeting, however, occurred only in cities where direct fighting (territorial contestation) between Russia and Ukraine was ongoing.

This study investigates the effectiveness of state-of-the-art deep learning models trained on high-resolution single-band satellite images in estimating site-level industrial development over time in the People's Republic of China.

This study defines and parses the differences between territorial / separatist terrorism versus non-territorial seeking terrorism from a spatial and geographic perspective. This spatial/geographic component of the research is foundational due to prior research often focusing on the motivations of terrorism rather than spatial and geographic perspectives.