
Chinese development in Namibia will likely continue to grow under the projected Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah administration.

In light of the European energy security crisis prompted by the War in Ukraine, this report provides an in-depth analysis of Russian involvement in North African oil and gas industries, focusing on five ongoing upstream projects across Algeria, Libya, and Egypt.

Since 2017, Russia has become increasingly involved in the affairs of the Central African Republic (CAR). A recent agreement between the two countries granted the Russian mining company "Lobaye Invest" exclusive mineral rights to ore deposits throughout the country. Activity in these sites has resulted in observable environmental degradation in the mining permit areas.

A new rail extension to Apapa port aims to connect Nigeria's hinterland to global markets to diversify its economy. However, the rail extension may fail to address severe congestion in Lagos' port areas and high shipping costs will remain.

Despite anticipated positive impacts to the Nigerian economy, the Lagos-Ibadan railway has failed to generate positive economic spillover. Nigeria will need additional infrastructure investment to meet the promise of positive economic development.